My Hero Your Enemy Debates Strike Back With Vengeance

Why the Polish-Ukrainian dispute over the Ukrainian Second World War nationalists is also a Czech problem

19 June 2026

Martin Ehl

Senior Fellow

Nationalism is a topic in today’s Central Europe that keeps resurfacing in various forms, polarising both society and the states themselves. Czech-German reconciliation could serve as a model for healing and overcoming historical traumas.

The Bug River winds through bizarre bends at the easternmost tip of present-day Poland, just beyond the town of Hrubieszów. Running through its center is the Polish-Ukrainian border, established after the end of the Second World War. On the Ukrainian side lies the Volhynia region, once an ethnically diverse territory that was part of interwar Poland. During the war, atrocities were committed there in the name of nationalism, and today their memory is coming back like a boomerang.

‘At the end of the garden, we had built a shelter where we would run to hide whenever it looked like the Ukrainians were coming’, the grandmother of my Polish friend showed me more than ten years ago when we visited her. Her family was lucky to have survived the ravages of war and that their house and garden remained on the Polish side – from her perspective, on the ‘right’ bank of the Bug.

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Martin Ehl

Senior Fellow

Visegrad Insight Senior Fellow. Martin Ehl is the Chief Analyst at Hospodářské noviny (Economic daily)

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