The EU’s Big Tech Battle: Central and Eastern Europe as a Digital Sovereignty Battleground 

Can Europe’s new regulations balance freedom and security?

4 September 2024

Miles R. Maftean

Editorial Director, Visegrad Insight

CEE is caught in a contradictory battle for digital sovereignty. Countries like Poland, Hungary and Slovakia are fiercely regulating some tech giants while allowing others, like Telegram, to operate freely — revealing a selective approach that challenges the EU’s push for a unified digital strategy.

Pavel Durov, the enigmatic founder of Telegram, has unexpectedly become a central figure in Europe’s battle against big tech. His recent arrest in Paris has ignited a firestorm across the continent. The hashtag #FreePavel — propelled by none other than Elon Musk — raced through social media like a digital brushfire. Supporters framed Durov’s detention as a blow to free speech.

But the story is far more nuanced. French authorities charged Durov for failing to prevent criminal activities on Telegram, from drug trafficking to child exploitation.

Durov’s predicament has sparked a heated debate over digital sovereignty, one that is increasingly centred in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). As Telegram’s influence expands across the region, countries like Poland, Hungary and Slovakia find themselves at the heart of the EU’s struggle to control Big Tech.

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Miles R. Maftean

Editorial Director, Visegrad Insight

A political theorist whose work examines the rise of political extremism and illiberal politics in Central and Eastern Europe. He has a Ph.D. from Central European University where he researched how democratic states respond to the current populist crisis of pluralist democracy.

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