Analysis
Politics
European Commission Report Highlights Ukraine’s Gains in Governance, Reform and Resilience
7 November 2024
We have overhyped the effectiveness of Russian hybrid warfare, but there are many lessons we can learn from where they have succeeded in preparing an environment for more direct control by the Kremlin.
Russian hybrid warfare has been prominent in security policy-related debates in recent years. The concept emerged in the military analysts’ community and spread quickly into media, public debate, and decision-makers’ vocabulary.
Crimean Origin
While the initial academic conceptualisation of hybrid warfare can be traced back to the first Chechen war or the 2006 Lebanese war, these were very different from so-called Russian hybrid warfare. The main trigger was the actions of Russia against Ukraine in 2014, especially the spectacular act of annexation of Crimea and the subsequent armed conflict in Donbas.
Especially the Crimea case caused significant surprise, even shock, and indeed, confusion in the eyes of Western observers. To explain the rapid, smooth and successful Russian actions leading to the Crimea takeover, there was a need to come up with an explanation outside the ordinary. Russian hybrid warfare was born.
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