Analysis
Economic Security
Why Ukraine’s Fate May Depend on Beijing
4 November 2025
From Ukraine to the Nordics, the Kremlin’s hybrid tactics are no longer isolated operations – they form a coordinated campaign aimed at exhausting Europe’s defences and sowing instability across the continent.
Click the banner to register for the events
On 1 September 2025, the aircraft carrying European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen experienced GPS jamming while landing in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Pilots had to rely on paper maps to ensure a safe landing. Bulgarian authorities later suspected Russian interference.
A week later, on 9 September, around twenty Russian drones penetrated deep into Polish airspace on the eve of the Zapad-2025 military exercises in Belarus, forcing the closure of airports in Warsaw and other major cities. The incidents triggered NATO’s highest alert and a coordinated response. Both appear to be deliberate attempts to probe NATO and EU resilience, signalling that the Kremlin is ready to escalate its hybrid pressure on the West.
A decade of hybrid warfare
Over the past decade, the Kremlin has refined its hybrid warfare playbook, beginning in Ukraine and spreading across Eastern Europe, the Balkans, Southern Europe and the Nordics.
Subscribe
Democratic security comes at a price. What is yours? By subscribing or donating now gain access to analysis, forecasts and scenarios by leading analysts and reporters who monitor democratic risks and develop policy debate from Central Europe on Central Europe.
MonthlyVAT included
See all details
- Full access to articles and all reports in PDF
- Weekly outlook on democratic security in CEE delivered by e-mail
- Weekly newsletter with essential highlights
- Invitations to all Visegrad Insight events online and offline
AnnualVAT included
See all details
- Individual subscribers only. Check our CORPORATE OFFER below
- 15% Discount (8 EUR off monthly cost if paid annually)
- Full access to articles and all reports in PDF
- Weekly outlook on democratic security in CEE delivered by e-mail
- Weekly newsletter with essential highlights
- Invitations to all Visegrad Insight events online and offline
Student OR Donation
See all details
- Full access to articles and all reports in PDF
- Weekly newsletter with essential highlights
- Some Visegrad Insight events invitations
I am a representative of an institution/business. Is there a corporate offer?
The annual subscription for up to ten institutional users: EUR 999
GO TO CHECKOUT
For a tailor-made offer email us: contact@visegradinsight.eu
- Access to all articles for your team
- Access to all Reports for your team
- Every Monday a Weekly Outlook with an update on key developments in Central Europe delivered by e-mail
- Every Thursday a newsletter with the most important highlights and invitations
- Personal invitations to Visegrad Insight Events
- Foresight, policy, and risk analysis reports (on-demand)
Intelligence prepared by a group of Visegrad Insight Fellows from all across
Can I receive an invoice?
Yes. You will receive a receipt immediately after purchase and a VAT invoice upon request. The subscription amount includes tax. In case of a donation, there is no tax.
Are my credit card details safe?
Yes. The payment is processed by STRIPE www.stripe.com entrusted also by Amazon, Zoom, Booking.com and used by other global NGOs and businesses in the world. We do not store your credit card details.
How modify or cancel my subscription?
At any moment you can manage your subscription and account details. Sign in to modify or cancel.
